# Free tech English guides (Speak Tech English) > Speak Tech English teaches non-native tech professionals the English they need at work and in interviews, through self-study ebooks and courses, 150+ free guides and a free newsletter; live lessons are on its sister site Mockly English. 1. **Self-study ebooks and courses** in business English for tech, plus interview English, for non-native English-speaking software engineers, developers, data, product and DevOps people. Instant download, with free samples on the ebook pages. Shop: https://speaktechenglish.com/courses/ 2. **Free resources**: free guides on the English used in stand-ups, code reviews, sprint planning, interviews, CVs and presentations, plus this app's free tech English glossary (https://app.speaktechenglish.com/learn) and Knowledge Base (https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base). 3. **The Speak Tech English newsletter**: free English tips for tech professionals by email; subscribers get 10% off. Sign up: https://speaktechenglish.com/#subscribe Sister brands: live 1:1 lessons and mock interviews are on **Mockly English** (https://app.mocklyenglish.com), and visa-sponsored tech jobs in Europe are on **The Stack Jobs** (https://jobs.trythestack.co), with a weekly newsletter at https://www.trythestack.co. This file lists the 145 free guides in the Speak Tech English Knowledge Base on app.speaktechenglish.com, newest first within each topic. Add `.md` to any guide URL for its markdown. The full Knowledge Base hub is https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base. ## Listening Topic page: https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/topic/listening.md - [How to Show Active Listening in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-show-active-listening-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master active listening vocabulary for tech meetings, standups, and client calls to engage effectively. ## Meetings & Standups Topic page: https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/topic/meetings-standups.md - [How to Use Natural Word Combinations in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-use-natural-word-combinations-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master tech collocations like 'run tests,' 'push code,' and 'spin up' to sound natural in standups, PRs, and Slack. - [How to Give Compassionate Feedback in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-give-compassionate-feedback-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master empathy and compassion vocabulary for code reviews, one-on-ones, and supportive leadership in tech workplaces. - [How to Use Phrasal Verbs in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-use-phrasal-verbs-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master essential tech phrasal verbs like roll back, spin up, kick off, and wrap up for standups, Slack, and code reviews. - [How to Clarify and Follow Up in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-clarify-and-follow-up-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master clarification phrases, checking understanding, scheduling meetings, and follow-up emails for tech workplace communication. - [How to Discuss Requirements and Scope in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-discuss-requirements-and-scope-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master the vocabulary and phrases used in tech project meetings to discuss requirements, scope, and timelines professionally. - [How to Discuss Collaboration and Time in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-discuss-collaboration-and-time-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master key phrases for parallel work, causation, scheduling conflicts, and time management in tech team communication. - [How to Compromise and Close a Meeting in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-compromise-and-close-a-meeting-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master phrases for negotiating compromises, keeping discussions on track, asking for clarification, and closing meetings professionally. - [How to Present Data and Metrics in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-present-data-and-metrics-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master statistics vocabulary and number expressions for presenting KPIs, A/B test results, and data trends confidently in tech meetings. - [How to Use Tech Acronyms and Abbreviations in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-use-tech-acronyms-and-abbreviations-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master tech acronyms like API, CI/CD, SLA, and OKR—learn how to pronounce, explain, and use them correctly in workplace English. - [How to Give Estimates and Approximations in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-give-estimates-and-approximations-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master vague expressions and approximation vocabulary for giving rough estimates in standups, RFCs, and technical planning meetings. - [How to Express Ownership and Accountability in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-express-ownership-and-accountability-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master vocabulary for individual ownership, accountability, and autonomous work style in tech workplace conversations. - [How to Reflect on Past Decisions in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-reflect-on-past-decisions-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master retrospective and lessons-learned vocabulary to discuss past projects, regrets, and architectural decisions in engineering teams. - [How to Make and Manage Commitments in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-make-and-manage-commitments-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master vocabulary for making estimates, qualifying commitments, and handling missed deadlines in tech workplace conversations. - [How to Talk About Your Team in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-talk-about-your-team-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master collaboration vocabulary like cohort, peer, and counterpart to describe your tech team in standups, retros, and 1:1s. - [How to Raise Concerns and Push Back in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-raise-concerns-and-push-back-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master vocabulary and phrases for raising concerns, pushing back on decisions, and escalating issues professionally in tech workplaces. - [How to Use Linking Phrases and Commitments in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-use-linking-phrases-and-commitments-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master four essential phrase sets for structured professional writing and speech in tech workplace contexts. - [How to Introduce Yourself in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-introduce-yourself-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master professional self-introductions and interview answers for tech conferences, networking events, and job interviews. - [How to Open and Run a Meeting in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-open-and-run-a-meeting-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master the key phrases for opening, chairing, and managing tech meetings in English — from sprint reviews to stakeholder calls. - [How to Talk About Risk and Probability in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-talk-about-risk-and-probability-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master risk vocabulary like propitious, adverse, debacle, and fiasco for SLO reviews, incident retrospectives, and engineering leadership presentations. - [How to Use Reported Speech in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-use-reported-speech-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master reported speech grammar for tech workplace scenarios like standups, client calls, and meeting follow-ups. - [How to Speak in a Scrum Standup in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-speak-in-a-scrum-standup-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master the exact vocabulary and sentence structures used in daily Scrum standups to report progress, announce goals, and flag blockers. - [How to Describe Work in Progress in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-describe-work-in-progress-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master vocabulary for describing early-stage projects, MVPs, and prototypes in tech standups, design docs, and team brainstorms. - [How to Discuss Failures Professionally in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-discuss-failures-professionally-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master vocabulary for post-mortems, deprecation announcements, and project retrospectives in tech workplaces. - [How to Discuss Roadmaps and Risk in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-discuss-roadmaps-and-risk-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master forecasting vocabulary like imminent, impending, and precursor for roadmap presentations and risk discussions at work. - [How to Handle Key Workplace Dialogues in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-handle-key-workplace-dialogues-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master four essential workplace dialogue scenarios—greetings, negotiating, introducing services, and asking for help in tech roles. - [How to Talk About Scope and Inclusion in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-talk-about-scope-and-inclusion-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master inclusion and exclusion vocabulary for sprint scope discussions, access control, and team culture in tech workplaces. - [How to Explain and Clarify Ideas in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-explain-and-clarify-ideas-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master meta-communication vocabulary like articulate, elucidate, and reiterate to clarify ideas and redirect conversations in tech meetings. - [How to Negotiate Trade-offs in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-negotiate-trade-offs-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master negotiation vocabulary for tech professionals — reciprocal, concession, magnanimous, frugal — to discuss trade-offs and resource allocation. - [How to Describe Communication Style and Presence in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-describe-communication-style-and-presence-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master vocabulary for describing body language, professional demeanour, and meeting presence in tech workplace settings. - [How to Describe Progress and Movement in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-describe-progress-and-movement-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master agile sprint vocabulary and motion phrases to describe progress, blockers, and iteration speed in standups and retrospectives. - [How to Talk About Time and Deadlines in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-talk-about-time-and-deadlines-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master time idioms, deadline vocabulary, and scheduling phrases for distributed tech teams and async communication. - [How to Talk About System Capacity and Scalability in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-talk-about-system-capacity-and-scalability-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master capacity and scalability vocabulary for system design discussions, architecture reviews, and explaining constraints to stakeholders. - [How to Use Animal Idioms in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-use-animal-idioms-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master animal metaphors like unicorn, elephant in the room, and dog-fooding to sound natural in tech standups and Slack. - [How to Give a Standup Update in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-give-a-standup-update-in-english.md): ESL English learning: standup meeting English phrases and vocabulary. Master the exact words to report progress, flag blockers, and sound natural in daily scrums. ## Code Reviews & PRs Topic page: https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/topic/code-reviews.md - [How to Use Suffixes for Technical Vocabulary in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-use-suffixes-for-technical-vocabulary-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master technical suffixes like -able, -ware, -less, and -tion to recognize word forms and communicate precisely in code reviews, PRs, and design docs. - [How to Build Compound Tech Terms in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-build-compound-tech-terms-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master compound words and portmanteaus used in tech workplaces—from codebase to DevOps—and name new tools clearly. - [How to Present Technical Ideas Clearly in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-present-technical-ideas-clearly-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master presentation vocabulary like articulate, eloquent, lucid, and cogent for lightning talks, demos, and all-hands. - [How to Give Honest Feedback in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-give-honest-feedback-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master vocabulary for honest feedback vs sycophancy in code reviews, design debates, and 1:1s at tech companies. - [How to Describe Complex Code in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-describe-complex-code-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master vocabulary for describing spaghetti code, tangled dependencies, and convoluted systems in code reviews and design docs. - [How to Use Advanced Vocabulary in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-use-advanced-vocabulary-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master advanced vocabulary like quixotic, laconic, and sanguine to sound fluent in design docs, leadership discussions, and performance reviews. - [How to Write Closure Messages in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-write-closure-messages-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master deprecation, offboarding, and project closure vocabulary to write professional exit communications in tech workplaces. - [How to Navigate US and UK English Differences in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-navigate-us-and-uk-english-differences-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master US vs UK English vocabulary, spelling, and cultural differences to communicate clearly with global tech teammates. - [How to Talk About Urgency and Schedules in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-talk-about-urgency-and-schedules-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master phrases for discussing tight schedules, urgent requests, and deadlines in tech workplaces without sounding rude or unprofessional. - [How to Discuss Deadlines and Formality in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-discuss-deadlines-and-formality-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master deadline phrases, formal references, and register shifts for tech workplace emails, Slack, and meetings. - [How to Disagree and Present Data in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-disagree-and-present-data-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master professional phrases for timing delays, forward-looking closings, data presentations, and respectful disagreement in tech workplaces. - [How to Describe Charts and Data in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-describe-charts-and-data-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master the vocabulary to describe line charts, bar charts, and pie charts when presenting metrics to stakeholders. - [How to Speak in a Tech Job Interview in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-speak-in-a-tech-job-interview-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master tech job interview vocabulary for screening calls, panel interviews, and follow-ups with phrases engineers actually use. - [How to Use Strategy and Value Vocabulary in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-use-strategy-and-value-vocabulary-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master strategic phrases like 'big picture,' 'value proposition,' and 'at the end of the day' for tech leadership communication. - [How to Decode Technical Terms in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-decode-technical-terms-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master prefixes like micro-, mono-, de-, re-, and over- to quickly understand unfamiliar technical vocabulary in system design discussions. - [How to Deliver Hard Messages Diplomatically in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-deliver-hard-messages-diplomatically-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master diplomatic vocabulary and tactful phrases for delivering negative feedback, rejection notices, and difficult conversations in tech workplaces. - [How to Get Your Tone Right in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-get-your-tone-right-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master the vocabulary of tone and delivery in code reviews, Slack messages, and written feedback at tech workplaces. - [How to Announce a Resolution in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-announce-a-resolution-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master resolution and relief vocabulary for incident post-mortems, bug fixes, and stakeholder updates in tech workplaces. - [How to Structure Technical Documents in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-structure-technical-documents-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master vocabulary for structuring PRDs, design docs, and engineering reports with clear introductions, transitions, and conclusions. - [How to Write Clear and Logical Arguments in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-write-clear-and-logical-arguments-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master connectives, logical structures, and argument vocabulary for RFCs, design docs, and technical writing at work. - [How to Describe Mixed Systems in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-describe-mixed-systems-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master vocabulary for describing heterogeneous tech stacks, diverse teams, and mixed portfolios in professional settings. - [How to Praise Excellent Work in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-praise-excellent-work-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master vocabulary for praising exceptional code, outstanding design, and high-quality engineering in tech workplace settings. - [How to Describe Code Smells in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-describe-code-smells-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master sensory and intuition vocabulary to articulate code smells, design concerns, and that gut feeling when something feels wrong in tech. - [How to Apologise and Take Accountability in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-apologise-and-take-accountability-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master professional apology and accountability vocabulary for postmortems, incident responses, and workplace mistakes in tech. - [How to Get Approval and Sign-off in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-get-approval-and-sign-off-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master stakeholder approval vocabulary for tech workplaces—request sign-off, escalate blockers, and get the green light professionally. - [How to Handle Technical Conflict in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-handle-technical-conflict-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master conflict and competition vocabulary for tech professionals—discuss rivals, blockers, and disagreements professionally. - [How to Champion a Technology in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-champion-a-technology-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master advocacy vocabulary like zealous, ardent, and champion to persuasively advocate for technologies, tools, and practices in tech workplaces. - [How to Describe Lasting Principles in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-describe-lasting-principles-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master timeless vocabulary like seminal, perennial, and enduring to describe foundational tech concepts in design docs and presentations. - [How to Talk About Difficult Trade-offs in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-talk-about-difficult-trade-offs-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master vocabulary for discussing technical debt, trade-offs, and prioritisation decisions in tech workplace conversations. - [How to Describe Anomalies and Edge Cases in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-describe-anomalies-and-edge-cases-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master vocabulary for describing bugs, edge cases, and unexpected system behaviour in QA, code reviews, and incident reports. - [How to Compare and Benchmark Options in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-compare-and-benchmark-options-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master A/B testing vocabulary and benchmarking language to compare systems, tools, and approaches clearly in tech meetings and docs. - [How to Sound More Assertive and Decisive in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-sound-more-assertive-and-decisive-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master assertive vocabulary like resolute, audacious, and intrepid to advocate for technical decisions confidently in meetings and design reviews. - [How to Explain Cause and Effect in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-explain-cause-and-effect-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master root cause analysis vocabulary for postmortems, incident reports, and debugging discussions in tech workplaces. - [How to Describe Stubborn Code and People in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-describe-stubborn-code-and-people-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master persistence and obstinacy vocabulary like tenacious, intractable, and recalcitrant for discussing legacy systems and code reviews. - [How to Use Short, Powerful Words in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-use-short-powerful-words-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master concise, confident vocabulary for tech professionals—short words like terse, adept, apt, and deft that signal clarity in Slack, PRs, and presentations. - [How to Use Greek and Latin Roots in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-use-greek-and-latin-roots-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Decode tech vocabulary like async, synchronous, autonomous, and dynamic by mastering the Greek and Latin roots hidden inside everyday engineering terms. - [How to Talk About System Composition in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-talk-about-system-composition-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master composition and decomposition vocabulary for architecture reviews, design docs, and code reviews in tech. - [How to Talk About Emerging Technology in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-talk-about-emerging-technology-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master AI, machine learning, and future tech vocabulary to discuss emerging technology credibly in standups, roadmaps, and executive presentations. - [How to Describe Your Tech Company's Business Model in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-describe-your-tech-companys-business-model-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master tech industry vocabulary like SaaS, PaaS, B2B, and B2C to confidently explain your company's business model in meetings and pitches. - [How to Use Diagnosis and Health Vocabulary in English When Debugging](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-use-diagnosis-and-health-vocabulary-in-english-when-debugging.md): ESL English learning: Master diagnosis, symptom, and health vocabulary to describe bug investigations and system monitoring in tech workplaces. - [How to Communicate Illness and Absence in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-communicate-illness-and-absence-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master professional phrases for calling in sick, explaining symptoms, and managing workload while unwell in tech workplaces. - [How to Talk About Marketing and Advertising in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-talk-about-marketing-and-advertising-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master growth marketing and ad tech vocabulary for tech professionals—campaigns, conversion, targeting, and product copy. - [How to Write and Publish Technical Content in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-write-and-publish-technical-content-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master the vocabulary for writing, editing, and publishing technical blog posts, RFCs, and documentation in the tech workplace. - [How to Talk About Finance and Funding in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-talk-about-finance-and-funding-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master startup finance vocabulary like runway, burn rate, and funding rounds to communicate confidently in tech workplace meetings. - [How to Talk About Global Tech Regulation in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-talk-about-global-tech-regulation-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master vocabulary for discussing GDPR, data sovereignty, and international compliance in tech workplace conversations. - [How to Use Clear and Accessible Language in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-use-clear-and-accessible-language-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master plain English vocabulary for technical writing, documentation, and communicating with diverse audiences at work. - [How to Discuss Engineering Principles and Values in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-discuss-engineering-principles-and-values-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master vocabulary for discussing technical philosophy, coding standards, and engineering beliefs in system design meetings and team discussions. - [How to Talk About Ethical and Sustainable Tech in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-talk-about-ethical-and-sustainable-tech-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master vocabulary for discussing legacy systems, technical debt, ethical AI, and sustainable engineering practices in workplace conversations. - [How to Talk About Startup Growth and Investment in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-talk-about-startup-growth-and-investment-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master startup growth and investment vocabulary for pitching to investors, discussing equity, and describing company expansion. - [How to Give Design Feedback in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-give-design-feedback-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master the vocabulary tech professionals need to discuss UI mockups, visual hierarchy, and design systems with clarity. - [How to Give Constructive Feedback in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-give-constructive-feedback-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master vocabulary and phrases for giving professional feedback in sprint reviews, code reviews, and design critiques. - [How to Network in English at Tech Events and Work Socials](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-network-in-english-at-tech-events-and-work-socials.md): ESL English learning: Master networking phrases for tech conferences, meetups, and team socials — introduce yourself, make connections, and follow up professionally. - [How to Talk About Product Lifecycle in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-talk-about-product-lifecycle-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master vocabulary for discussing product lifecycle stages from MVP launch to deprecation and sunset in tech workplace conversations. - [How to Talk About Stress and Burnout in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-talk-about-stress-and-burnout-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master professional vocabulary and phrases for discussing stress, frustration, and burnout with managers and teammates in tech workplaces. - [How to Express Emotions Professionally in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-express-emotions-professionally-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master emotional intelligence phrases for tech workplaces—react calmly to incidents, deliver bad news, and express feelings professionally. - [How to Talk About Learning and Skills in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-talk-about-learning-and-skills-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master vocabulary for discussing upskilling, training budgets, and hiring debates in tech teams with confidence. - [How to Write Technical Documentation in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-write-technical-documentation-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master the vocabulary and phrases for writing design docs, RFCs, postmortems, and other technical documentation in English. ## Interviews Topic page: https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/topic/interviews.md - [How to Describe Work Ethic in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-describe-work-ethic-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master work ethic vocabulary like meticulous, assiduous, and tenacious for performance reviews, job interviews, and peer feedback in tech. - [How to Describe Personality Traits in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-describe-personality-traits-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master personality vocabulary for tech hiring debriefs, team discussions, and describing ideal engineers or managers. ## Grammar & Pronunciation Topic page: https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/topic/grammar-pronunciation.md - [How to Avoid Commonly Confused Words in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-avoid-commonly-confused-words-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master easily confused word pairs like affect/effect, implement/execute, and iterative/incremental to write clearer tech docs and Slack messages. - [How to Express Disagreement Precisely in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-express-disagreement-precisely-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master opposition vs adjacency vocabulary to distinguish objections from alternatives in design reviews and technical discussions. - [How to Express Certainty and Soften Messages in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-express-certainty-and-soften-messages-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master hedging, certainty phrases, and softening language for tech meetings, standups, and Slack conversations. ## Email & Slack Topic page: https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/topic/email-slack.md - [How to Communicate Confidently in English at Work on Global Tech Teams](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-communicate-confidently-in-english-at-work-on-global-tech-teams.md): ESL English learning: master English as the lingua franca of global tech teams and communicate confidently with native and non-native speakers alike. - [How to Describe Scale and Complexity in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-describe-scale-and-complexity-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master vocabulary for describing system scale, technical depth, and engineering complexity in standups, design docs, and planning sessions. - [How to Handle Words With Multiple Meanings in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-handle-words-with-multiple-meanings-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master polysemous tech terms like deploy, build, and run that change meaning across contexts in software engineering. - [How to Use Tech Metaphors in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-use-tech-metaphors-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master metaphorical vocabulary like pipeline, stack, and framework to communicate system design and technical concepts naturally. - [How to Use Polite Phrases in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-use-polite-phrases-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master polite workplace phrases for discussions, reminders, and apologies in tech team emails and Slack messages. - [How to Confirm and Check Understanding in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-confirm-and-check-understanding-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master four essential phrase sets for gathering feedback, confirming decisions, checking understanding, and referencing previous discussions in tech workplaces. - [How to Ask for Clarification in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-ask-for-clarification-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master confusion and clarification vocabulary to ask precise questions when requirements are unclear or error messages need explanation. - [How to Explain Data Pipeline Architecture in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-explain-data-pipeline-architecture-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master stream and flow vocabulary for explaining data pipelines, message queues, and event-driven systems in tech workplace discussions. - [How to Describe Security Threats in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-describe-security-threats-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master security threat vocabulary like malicious, nefarious, and rogue to describe cyber attacks and bad actors in incident reports. - [How to Use Indirect Language Diplomatically in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-use-indirect-language-diplomatically-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master vague language and diplomatic indirectness for tech meetings—soften criticism, buy thinking time, and navigate sensitive topics. - [How to Make Professional Requests in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-make-professional-requests-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master request and escalation vocabulary like entreat, implore, and petition for compelling tech emails and stakeholder communications. - [How to Give Praise and Recognition in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-give-praise-and-recognition-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master recognition vocabulary and phrases to genuinely praise colleagues, write shoutouts, and give meaningful feedback in tech workplaces. - [How to Talk About Performance and Speed in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-talk-about-performance-and-speed-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master performance optimisation vocabulary—latency, throughput, response time—to discuss system speed confidently in tech workplaces. - [How to Be Professionally Polite in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-be-professionally-polite-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master professional etiquette vocabulary like decorum, protocol, and propriety for polite code reviews, Slack messages, and stakeholder emails. - [How to Describe System Load and Performance in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-describe-system-load-and-performance-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master vocabulary for describing data density, traffic load, and system performance in engineering discussions and technical documents. - [How to Discuss Energy and Sustainability in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-discuss-energy-and-sustainability-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master green tech vocabulary for discussing cloud carbon footprint, energy efficiency, and sustainability goals in engineering teams. - [How to Discuss Technology's Impact in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-discuss-technologys-impact-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master vocabulary for discussing digital transformation, disruption, and tech's societal impact in workplace conversations. - [How to Deliver Updates and Announcements in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-deliver-updates-and-announcements-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master vocabulary for incident communication, status updates, and engineering announcements in tech workplace settings. - [How to Write Professional Emails and Slack Messages in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-write-professional-emails-and-slack-messages-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master email and Slack vocabulary for tech professionals—threads, async communication, tone, and writing effective workplace messages. - [How to Talk About Competition and Conflict in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-talk-about-competition-and-conflict-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master vocabulary for discussing competitive markets, hostile takeovers, and team conflicts in tech workplace conversations. - [How to Navigate British Workplace Culture in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-navigate-british-workplace-culture-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master British workplace culture vocabulary for tech professionals — from understatement to policy discussions. - [How to Be Culturally Aware in English at Work Globally](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-be-culturally-aware-in-english-at-work-globally.md): ESL English learning: Master cultural awareness vocabulary for global tech teams—acknowledge holidays, avoid assumptions, and communicate inclusively. - [How to Handle Customer Support in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-handle-customer-support-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master customer support vocabulary for tech professionals—SLA terms, ticket responses, and escalation phrases. - [How to Talk About Climate and Sustainability in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-talk-about-climate-and-sustainability-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master climate tech vocabulary, sustainability phrases, and weather small talk for tech workplace conversations and documentation. - [How to Manage Business Travel in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-manage-business-travel-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master travel and accommodation vocabulary for tech conferences, offsites, and expense reporting in professional English. - [How to Handle Difficult Conversations in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-handle-difficult-conversations-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master conflict resolution phrases for tech teams—navigate disagreements, raise concerns, and recover after miscommunication. - [How to Build Strong Working Relationships in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-build-strong-working-relationships-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master English phrases for building rapport, describing mentorship, and strengthening colleague relationships in tech workplaces. ## Career & CV Topic page: https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/topic/career-cv.md - [How to Describe Colleagues in English at Work Reviews](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-describe-colleagues-in-english-at-work-reviews.md): ESL English learning: Master performance review vocabulary to describe engineer strengths, weaknesses, and growth areas professionally. - [How to Negotiate Salary and Compensation in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-negotiate-salary-and-compensation-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master salary negotiation vocabulary for tech jobs—equity, vesting, total compensation, and professional phrases for offers. - [How to Describe Colleagues Professionally in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-describe-colleagues-professionally-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master vocabulary for describing appearance, body language, and professional presence on video calls and in remote tech workplaces. - [How to Talk About Job Satisfaction in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-talk-about-job-satisfaction-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master vocabulary for discussing morale, burnout, motivation, and career fulfillment in tech workplace conversations. - [How to Talk About Your Tech Career in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-talk-about-your-tech-career-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master vocabulary for discussing promotions, career pivots, and leadership paths in tech workplace conversations. - [How to Apply for a Tech Job in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-apply-for-a-tech-job-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master the vocabulary for tech job applications — CVs, cover letters, and LinkedIn profiles for software engineering roles. ## Vocabulary & Terms Topic page: https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/topic/vocabulary-terms.md - [How to Run a Blameless Post-Mortem in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-run-a-blameless-post-mortem-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master blame and responsibility vocabulary for running blameless post-mortems and fostering systems thinking in engineering teams. - [How to Use Everyday English Idioms in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-use-everyday-english-idioms-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master common English idioms used in tech offices — from standups to Slack — and understand what native speakers really mean. - [How to Agree and Disagree Constructively in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-agree-and-disagree-constructively-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master RFC consensus vocabulary to agree, disagree constructively, and find compromise in technical discussions and architecture reviews. - [How to Give Opinions and Make Suggestions in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-give-opinions-and-make-suggestions-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master phrases for sharing opinions, making suggestions, and persuading colleagues in tech meetings and discussions. - [How to Use Business Idioms in English at Work in Tech](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-use-business-idioms-in-english-at-work-in-tech.md): ESL English learning: Master 16 essential business idioms that tech professionals use daily in standups, Slack, code reviews, and stakeholder meetings. - [How to Use Animal Metaphors in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-use-animal-metaphors-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master animal metaphors in tech culture—from Python to Docker whale to canary deployments—and sound natural in engineering discussions. - [How to Use Sports and Fitness Vocabulary in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-use-sports-and-fitness-vocabulary-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master wellness vocabulary and sports idioms used in tech workplaces — from team fitness challenges to sprint planning meetings. - [How to Talk About Health Benefits in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-talk-about-health-benefits-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master workplace wellbeing vocabulary for discussing health insurance, mental health days, and sick leave in tech jobs. - [How to Talk About Security and Compliance in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-talk-about-security-and-compliance-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master compliance, security audits, and access control vocabulary for tech professionals discussing regulations and incidents. - [How to Talk About Commuting and Travel in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-talk-about-commuting-and-travel-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master commuting vocabulary and travel disruption phrases for tech workplace conversations, from explaining lateness to conference navigation. - [How to Entertain Clients and Colleagues in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-entertain-clients-and-colleagues-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master business dinner vocabulary and hosting phrases for tech professionals at client meals and team offsites. - [How to Use Food Idioms and Talk About Food in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-use-food-idioms-and-talk-about-food-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master food idioms like "half-baked" and "spill the beans" for tech standups, plus handle dietary discussions at team events. - [How to Talk About Remote Work and Home Setups in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-talk-about-remote-work-and-home-setups-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master vocabulary for describing your home office, WFH routines, and hybrid work arrangements in professional tech conversations. - [How to Talk About Dress Code and Culture in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-talk-about-dress-code-and-culture-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master dress code vocabulary for tech workplaces—from startup casual to enterprise formal—and navigate attire conversations with global teams. - [How to Talk About Work-Life Balance in English at Work](https://app.speaktechenglish.com/knowledge-base/how-to-talk-about-work-life-balance-in-english.md): ESL English learning: Master vocabulary and phrases for discussing hobbies, downtime, and work-life balance with tech colleagues in standups, retros, and Slack. ## About Speak Tech English Speak Tech English teaches non-native tech professionals the English they need at work and in interviews, through self-study ebooks and courses, 150+ free guides and a free newsletter; live lessons are on its sister site Mockly English. - Shop: https://speaktechenglish.com/courses/ - All products (markdown): https://speaktechenglish.com/products.md - Free guides (markdown): https://app.speaktechenglish.com/guides.md - Tech English glossary (markdown): https://app.speaktechenglish.com/learn.md - Newsletter (10% off): https://speaktechenglish.com/#subscribe - Live lessons and mock interviews: https://app.mocklyenglish.com ## Notes for agents - Speak Tech English sells self-study material. 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