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Technical Vocabularyabbreviation · /ˈæsɪd/

ACID

ACID — ACID is an acronym for four key properties that guarantee reliable database transactions: Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability.

In simple English

ACID properties are fundamental principles in database management systems and are critical for maintaining data integrity, especially in financial systems, e-commerce platforms, and any application where data accuracy is essential. When a database transaction follows ACID principles, you can trust that your data remains consistent and reliable, even if system failures occur during processing. In practice, engineers discuss ACID compliance when selecting databases, designing transaction logic, or debugging data inconsistencies. For example, traditional SQL databases like PostgreSQL and MySQL are ACID-compliant, while some NoSQL databases may sacrifice ACID guarantees for performance and scalability. Understanding ACID properties helps you make informed decisions about database architecture and troubleshoot data-related issues in production environments. The term is used both as a noun (We need ACID compliance) and as an adjective (An ACID-compliant database). When working on critical systems, engineers will often debate trade-offs between ACID guarantees and performance optimization.

How to say it: Say it as a word, like "acid" (ASS-id). Don't spell it out.

Understand what ACID means in database systems and why it matters for data integrity

At a glanceCEFR C1
Commonness4/5
Versatility4/5
FormalityCasualFormalFormal
Spoken ↔ WrittenSpokenWrittenBoth
Directness ↔ DiplomaticDirectDiplomaticDirect
RegionUS and UK

Say it like this

  • We need to ensure ACID compliance for this critical transaction
  • PostgreSQL provides strong ACID guarantees out of the box
  • ACID properties are essential for financial applications

Use it at work

In a design review

  • We need ACID transactions here because money moves between accounts.
  • Does this database give us full ACID guarantees?

Comparing databases

  • Postgres is ACID-compliant, which is why we picked it.
  • We gave up some ACID guarantees to scale writes.

In an interview

  • Can you explain what the I in ACID means?
  • I'd use an ACID database for orders and a cache for sessions.

Don't say this

✕We need to acid the database before launch.
✓We need to ensure ACID compliance before launch.

ACID is an acronym referring to database properties, not a verb. You do not acid something; you ensure or maintain ACID compliance.

Practice

Try it

4 quick exercises

Pick the most natural phrasing

1. Your team is choosing a database for a banking application. How do you phrase it?

Complete the sentence

2. PostgreSQL is _______ which makes it suitable for financial transactions. (use: ACID-compliant)

Spot the mistake

3. Which sentence uses ACID incorrectly?

Rewrite naturally

4. Rewrite this in natural tech English: 'The database must have the properties of being atomic, consistent, isolated, and durable.'

Say it out loud

Phrase 1 of 3

"We need to ensure ACID compliance for this critical transaction"

We don't save your recording. The word check uses your browser's speech recognition.

More about ACID

Real examples(3)

  • in a design review

    "We should use a database with ACID guarantees for the payment processing module to prevent inconsistencies."

  • in a technical discussion

    "MongoDB sacrifices some ACID properties for horizontal scalability, which may or may not be acceptable for our use case."

  • in a standup meeting

    "We discovered the legacy system was not ACID-compliant, which explains why we had duplicate transactions last month."

More mistakes(2)

Handle with care. ACID is strictly a database concept. Do not confuse it with the chemical meaning or use it outside database/transaction contexts. Non-technical people will not understand the acronym.

  • ✕This database has acid properties.
    ✓This is an ACID-compliant database or This database follows ACID principles.

    ACID is typically written in all capitals as an acronym. While grammatically correct, ACID-compliant or ACID-supporting is more natural in tech English.

  • ✕We should acid our transactions.
    ✓We should ensure our transactions maintain ACID properties.

    ACID cannot be used as a verb. You maintain, ensure, or guarantee ACID properties; you do not acid something.

Other forms(3)

  • ACID noun

    "ACID is critical for database reliability."

  • ACID-compliant adjective

    "We selected an ACID-compliant database for our application."

  • ACID properties noun

    "The four ACID properties guarantee transaction integrity."

Often used with(5)

  • ACID-compliant · Describes a database or system that follows all ACID principles
  • ACID properties · Refers collectively to Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability
  • ACID guarantees · The assurances a system provides regarding transaction reliability
  • ACID compliance · The state of adhering to ACID principles in database operations
  • ACID transaction · A database operation that follows all four ACID properties

Similar words(2)

  • transaction guarantees · A broader term that may encompass ACID and other reliability measures
  • data integrity · Describes the overall goal that ACID properties help achieve, but is not synonymous with ACID itself

Opposites(2)

  • BASE (Basically Available, Soft state, Eventually consistent)
  • eventual consistency

Questions(5)

What does ACID stand for?
ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability. These are four key properties that guarantee reliable database transactions. Atomicity means a transaction either completes fully or not at all. Consistency ensures the database moves from one valid state to another. Isolation means concurrent transactions do not interfere with each other. Durability guarantees that completed transactions are permanently saved.
Why are ACID properties important?
ACID properties are crucial because they ensure data integrity and reliability, especially in critical systems like banking, e-commerce, and healthcare. Without ACID guarantees, you risk data corruption, lost transactions, and inconsistent information across your system. This is particularly important when multiple users or processes access the database simultaneously.
What databases are ACID-compliant?
Traditional SQL databases like PostgreSQL, MySQL, Oracle, and SQL Server are ACID-compliant. Some modern databases like MongoDB now offer ACID transactions as well. However, many NoSQL databases prioritize performance and scalability over strict ACID compliance, offering eventual consistency instead.
Is ACID formal or informal?
ACID is formal technical terminology used in professional and academic contexts. You would use it in documentation, design discussions, technical interviews, and formal presentations. It is appropriate for both written and spoken communication in tech environments.
What is the difference between ACID and BASE?
ACID and BASE represent different database philosophies. ACID prioritizes consistency and reliability, while BASE (Basically Available, Soft state, Eventually consistent) prioritizes availability and performance. ACID is typically used in traditional SQL databases for critical applications, while BASE is common in distributed NoSQL systems.
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