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Tech English glossary, A to Z

630+ words and phrases you hear in tech teams: acronyms like PTO, EOD and LGTM, meeting phrases, and engineering jargon. Each one has a plain-English meaning, real examples, common mistakes and a short quiz.

A

  • abstraction

    A design principle where complex implementation details are hidden behind a simple interface.

  • acceptance criteria

    The specific, measurable conditions that a feature or user story must meet to be considered complete and ready for release.

  • acceptance testing

    The process of testing a software product to verify that it meets the business requirements and user expectations before it is released to…

  • accountability

    The responsibility to explain and justify your actions and accept consequences for results, whether positive or negative.

  • ACIDAtomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability

    ACID is an acronym for four key properties that guarantee reliable database transactions: Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability.

  • acquisition

    The act of one company buying another company or a significant part of its business.

  • action item

    A specific task or responsibility that someone agrees to complete by a certain deadline, typically assigned during a meeting or discussion.

  • action plan

    A detailed plan that lists specific steps, responsible people, and deadlines needed to solve a problem or achieve a goal in a project.

  • actionable

    Actionable means clear and practical enough that someone can act on it right away.

  • ADRArchitecture Decision Record

    An ADR (Architecture Decision Record) is a document that captures an important architectural choice, the reasoning behind it, and its…

  • AFAIK

    AFAIK stands for "as far as I know".

  • after-action review

    A structured meeting or process held after a project, sprint, or incident concludes to identify what went well, what went wrong, and what…

  • agenda

    A list of topics or items to be discussed or handled in a meeting, project, or event, usually in order of priority or sequence.

  • agentic

    Describing AI systems, software, or behavior that can independently perceive, decide, and take action toward goals without constant human…

  • air cover

    Support or protection provided by a senior person or leader who backs a decision or action, often by communicating with stakeholders to…

  • alerting

    The process of automatically notifying engineers or systems when specific conditions or problems are detected.

  • alignment

    Agreement between team members, departments, or stakeholders about goals, decisions, or the direction of a project.

  • all-hands

    A company meeting or event where everyone in the organization, or a large team, is expected to attend and participate.

  • alpha

    An early stage of software development where the product is tested internally by the development team before being released to external…

  • AMAAsk Me Anything

    AMA stands for Ask Me Anything.

  • amend

    To make changes or corrections to code, a pull request, or documentation to improve or fix it.

  • annotation

    A note, label, or piece of information added to code, data, or documents to provide clarification, context, or instructions without…

  • anti-pattern

    A recurring solution or practice in code that looks like it solves a problem but actually creates more problems or technical debt.

  • APIApplication Programming Interface

    An API (Application Programming Interface) is a set of rules and tools that allows two different software applications to communicate and…

  • API contract

    An API contract is a formal specification that defines what endpoints an API provides, what data it accepts, what it returns, and how it…

  • API gateway

    An API gateway is a server that acts as an intermediary between clients and backend services, managing API requests by handling…

  • API versioning

    The practice of maintaining multiple versions of an API simultaneously to ensure backward compatibility while allowing new features and…

  • approval gate

    A checkpoint or stage in a development process where work must be reviewed and authorized by designated people before it can proceed to…

  • ARRAnnual Recurring Revenue

    ARR stands for Annual Recurring Revenue.

  • artifact

    A file, binary, or output produced by a build, test, or deployment process.

  • artificial intelligence

    Technology that enables computers to simulate human intelligence by learning from data and making decisions without explicit instructions.

  • ASAP

    ASAP stands for "as soon as possible".

  • async

    Communication or work that does not require immediate, real-time responses.

  • async standup

    An asynchronous standup is a written status update that team members post at their own time rather than gathering for a live meeting.

  • async-first

    A workplace approach that prioritizes asynchronous communication and work processes over synchronous meetings and real-time collaboration.

  • async/await

    A JavaScript syntax feature that allows you to write asynchronous code that looks and behaves like synchronous code, making it easier to…

  • audit log

    A detailed record of all actions, changes, and access events in a system, typically used for security, compliance, and accountability…

  • auto-scaling

    Auto-scaling is the automatic adjustment of computing resources (like servers or instances) up or down based on real-time demand to…

B

  • B2BBusiness-to-Business

    B2B stands for business-to-business.

  • B2CBusiness-to-Consumer

    B2C stands for Business-to-Consumer, a business model where companies sell products or services directly to end consumers rather than to…

  • back up

    To make a copy of data or files for safekeeping or recovery purposes.

  • Backlog

    A list of work items, features, or tasks that need to be done but have not been started yet.

  • backlog refinement

    A regular process where the product team reviews, clarifies, and prioritizes items in the product backlog to make them ready for…

  • backup

    A copy of data, files, or systems stored separately so they can be recovered if the original is lost, corrupted, or damaged.

  • bandwidth

    The maximum amount of data that can be transmitted over a network connection in a given time period, typically measured in megabits per…

  • bar raiser

    A person hired to improve quality standards during a hiring process, or a person who sets and maintains high standards for team…

  • BAUBusiness As Usual

    BAU stands for "business as usual": the normal, everyday work of a team, as opposed to special projects or emergencies.

  • beat around the bush

    To avoid directly addressing or discussing an issue, usually by speaking evasively or indirectly.

  • behavioral interview

    A job interview format where hiring managers ask about your past experiences and actions to predict how you would behave in specific work…

  • benchmark

    A standard measurement or reference point used to evaluate the performance, quality, or speed of code, systems, or applications.

  • best practice

    A proven, effective method or standard way of doing something in your industry or field.

  • best-in-class

    Best-in-class means the best of its kind, better than all competitors in the same category.

  • beta

    An early version of a software product released to a limited group of external users for testing before the official public release.

  • bike-shedding

    Spending excessive time debating or deciding on trivial, unimportant details while ignoring more critical decisions.

  • bleeding edge

    Bleeding edge means the very newest technology, so new that it may still be unstable or risky to use.

  • blue-sky thinking

    Blue-sky thinking means creative thinking with no limits, ignoring practical problems like budget or time for now.

  • boil the ocean

    "Don't boil the ocean" means don't try to do something far too big or solve everything at once; focus on a smaller, realistic scope.

  • boilerplate

    Boilerplate is standard, reusable code that appears in many places with little or no change.

  • boot up

    To start or initialize a computer system or service so it becomes ready to use.

  • brainstorm

    A meeting or session where a group generates ideas together without judgment, usually to solve a problem or create something new.

  • branch

    A separate line of development in version control (like Git) where you can work on code changes independently without affecting the main…

  • break even

    Reaching a point where costs and revenue are equal, with no profit or loss.

  • break up

    To separate or divide into smaller parts or components.

  • breaking change

    A modification to software that forces users or dependent systems to update their code because the old code will no longer work with the…

  • breakpoint

    A specific line of code where a debugger stops execution so you can inspect variables, step through code, and understand program behavior.

  • bring along

    To bring or include something or someone as part of an activity or event.

  • bring forward

    To move something to an earlier date or time.

  • brown bag

    An informal meeting or seminar, typically held during lunch, where employees gather to learn about a specific topic from a colleague or…

  • buffer

    A temporary storage area in computer memory that holds data while it is being transferred between different parts of a system or between…

  • buffer up

    To add extra resources or capacity to prepare for high demand or traffic.

  • bug report

    A detailed document that describes a software defect, including what went wrong, when it happens, and how to reproduce it.

  • business case

    A formal document or argument that explains why a company should invest time and money in a project, including expected benefits, costs…

  • buy-in

    Agreement and support from team members or stakeholders for a project, decision, or idea.

C

  • CACCustomer Acquisition Cost

    CAC stands for Customer Acquisition Cost—the total amount of money a company spends to acquire one new customer.

  • cache

    A cache is a fast storage area that holds copies of frequently accessed data so programs can retrieve it quickly without going back to the…

  • cadence

    At work, cadence means how often something regularly happens, such as a meeting, a release or an update.

  • calendar block

    A reserved time slot on your calendar that you set aside for a specific task, meeting, or focus time.

  • calibration meeting

    A meeting where managers align on performance ratings, expectations, or standards to ensure consistency and fairness across a team or…

  • call it out

    To publicly point out, mention, or draw attention to something—often a problem, error, concern, or issue—in a direct way.

  • call the shots

    To be in control or have the authority to make decisions.

  • callback

    A function passed as an argument to another function, which is executed after some operation has been completed.

  • callout

    A callout is when you explicitly mention, highlight, or draw attention to something important—usually a problem, achievement, or key…

  • canary release

    A deployment strategy where new software is released to a small group of real users first to detect issues before rolling out to everyone.

  • capacity

    The maximum amount of work, resources, or data that a system, team, or person can handle before reaching a limit.

  • capacity model

    A framework or method used to predict and understand how much work a team or system can handle based on available resources, constraints…

  • career ladder

    The series of job positions and levels you progress through in your career, typically moving from junior to more senior roles with…

  • Carry forward

    To move something from one time period or stage to the next one.

  • certificate

    A digital or physical document that authenticates the identity of a person, organization, or device on the internet.

  • change advisory board

    A group of senior people from different departments who review and approve proposed changes to systems or software before they are…

  • change freeze

    A temporary period during which no new code changes, updates, or modifications are allowed to be deployed to a production system.

  • change request

    A formal request to modify, add, or remove a feature or requirement in a software project after it has already been planned or started.

  • chaos monkey

    A tool or practice that randomly breaks parts of a software system on purpose to test how well it handles failures and recovers.

  • check in

    To register one's presence or arrival, often using a digital system or app.

  • checksum

    A checksum is a short string of characters calculated from data to detect errors or verify that data has not been corrupted or modified…

  • cherry-pick

    To select and apply specific commits from one branch to another, rather than merging all changes.

  • churn

    To repeatedly rework, rebuild, or change code or processes without clear progress or decision-making.

  • CI/CDContinuous Integration and Continuous Delivery

    CI/CD stands for Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery (or Deployment).

  • circuit breaker

    A design pattern that prevents an application from calling a service that is likely to fail, by stopping requests and returning a cached…

  • cliff

    A sudden, sharp drop or end in something important, such as performance, features, or support.

  • closure

    In programming, a function that retains access to variables from its outer scope even after that scope has finished executing.

  • cloud region

    A geographical area where a cloud service provider (like AWS, Azure, or Google Cloud) operates data centers and provides cloud services.

  • cluster

    A group of interconnected computers or servers that work together as a single system to improve reliability, performance, or data…

  • COBClose of Business

    COB stands for "close of business": the end of normal office hours, usually 5 or 6 pm, used as a deadline.

  • code comment

    A note or explanation written in source code that helps developers understand what the code does.

  • code complete

    Code complete refers to the stage in software development when all planned programming for a feature or product is finished.

  • code freeze

    A period during software development when no new code changes are permitted before a release.

  • code owner

    A developer or team responsible for maintaining, reviewing, and making decisions about a specific part of the codebase.

  • code review

    A systematic examination of source code by one or more team members before it is merged into the main codebase.

  • code splitting

    A technique that divides a large JavaScript bundle into smaller chunks that load on demand rather than all at once.

  • code walkthrough

    A structured meeting where a developer explains their code line-by-line to team members to help them understand how it works or to…

  • comment out

    To temporarily disable a section of code by converting it into a comment.

  • Commit

    To save your code changes to a version control system (like Git) with a message explaining what you changed.

  • commit message

    A brief text description that explains what changes were made in a code commit.

  • community of practice

    A group of people who share a common interest or work on a similar set of problems and meet regularly (formally or informally) to learn…

  • compile

    To convert source code written by developers into executable machine code or bytecode that a computer can run.

  • compliance review

    A formal examination of code, systems, or processes to ensure they meet legal requirements, regulatory standards, and company policies.

  • concurrency

    The ability of a system to handle multiple tasks or operations at the same time, or appear to handle them simultaneously by switching…

  • config

    Short form of configuration; the settings or parameters that control how a software application, system, or service operates.

  • connect the dots

    To identify relationships or patterns between separate pieces of information or events to understand the bigger picture or draw a…

  • consensus

    General agreement among most or all members of a group.

  • constructive feedback

    Feedback that is intended to help someone improve by pointing out what they did well and what they can do better, in a respectful and…

  • container

    A lightweight, portable package that bundles application code, dependencies, and runtime into a single unit that can run consistently…

  • context switch

    The action of stopping work on one task or project and switching your attention to a completely different one.

  • contractor

    A person or company hired to do specific work or a project for a limited time, rather than a permanent employee.

  • conversion rate

    The percentage of users or visitors who complete a desired action (such as making a purchase, signing up, or clicking a button) out of the…

  • cookie

    A small file stored on a user's browser that contains data used to remember information about that user, such as login details or…

  • CORSCross-Origin Resource Sharing

    CORS stands for Cross-Origin Resource Sharing.

  • coupling

    The degree to which one software module or component depends on another.

  • cron job

    A cron job is an automated task that runs on a computer server at specific times or intervals without requiring manual intervention.

  • cross-functional

    Cross-functional describes a team, project, or initiative that includes people from different departments or areas of expertise working…

  • cross-team

    Involving or requiring collaboration between multiple teams in an organization.

  • CRUDCreate, Read, Update, Delete

    CRUD is an acronym for the four fundamental operations in databases and applications: Create, Read, Update, and Delete.

  • crunch time

    A period of intense pressure and urgent work, typically right before a major deadline.

  • culture add

    A person who brings new ideas, perspectives, or values to a team and strengthens the overall workplace culture, rather than simply fitting…

  • customer success

    Customer success is a business strategy focused on ensuring that customers achieve their intended goals and gain maximum value from your…

  • cut the cord

    To stop depending on or using something, especially an old system, tool, or vendor.

  • cut through the noise

    To stand out or get attention when there is a lot of competing information or distractions.

  • cutover plan

    A detailed strategy that outlines how to switch from an old system or process to a new one, including timing, steps, and contingency…

  • cycle time

    The total time it takes from when work starts until it is completed and delivered.

D

  • daily scrum

    A short, regular team meeting (usually 15 minutes) held every working day where team members share what they completed, what they plan to…

  • dark launch

    A dark launch is the release of a new feature or product to a limited group of real users without announcing it publicly.

  • data pipeline

    A series of automated steps that extract, transform, and load data from source systems to destination systems.

  • data privacy

    Data privacy is the right of individuals to control how their personal information is collected, used, stored, and shared by organizations.

  • data-driven

    Making decisions or taking action based on facts, numbers, and analysis rather than intuition or guesswork.

  • dataset

    A collection of structured data, usually organized in rows and columns, used for analysis, training machine learning models, or testing…

  • dead air

    Uncomfortable silence during a meeting, call, or presentation when nobody is speaking.

  • dead code

    Code in a program that is never executed during normal operation, either because it is unreachable or no longer serves any purpose.

  • deadline

    A specific date or time by which a task, project, or deliverable must be completed.

  • deadlock

    A deadlock is a situation in which two or more processes, threads, or systems are blocked and waiting for each other to release resources…

  • debrief

    To have a meeting or discussion after an event to analyze what happened, what went well, and what could improve.

  • decision log

    A document or record that tracks important decisions made during a project, including why they were made, who made them, and what…

  • decision matrix

    A structured table or framework that lists options, criteria, and weighted scores to help a team objectively compare and choose between…

  • deck

    A presentation, typically a set of slides created in PowerPoint, Google Slides, or similar software, used to communicate ideas, data, or…

  • deep dive

    A thorough and detailed examination or analysis of a topic, issue, or problem.

  • deep work

    Focused, uninterrupted work on cognitively demanding tasks that require full concentration and minimal distractions.

  • defensive programming

    A coding practice where programmers anticipate and handle potential errors, edge cases, and invalid inputs to prevent bugs and crashes…

  • definition of ready

    A set of agreed criteria that a user story or task must meet before the team starts working on it.

  • definition of success

    A clear statement of what success looks like for a project, goal, or task, including specific metrics or outcomes that show when something…

  • definition of value

    A clear statement of what specific outcomes, features, or benefits represent value to your customer, business, or project.

  • demo day

    A scheduled event where a startup, team, or company presents their product or project to investors, customers, or other stakeholders to…

  • dependency conflict

    A situation where two or more packages or libraries in your project require different versions of the same dependency, making it…

  • dependency injection

    A design pattern where an object receives other objects it depends on rather than creating them itself.

  • deploy

    To release or put software, an application, or an update into a live production environment where users can access and use it.

  • deprecate

    To officially mark a feature, function, or API as outdated and discourage its use, while keeping it working for backward compatibility.

  • design doc

    A detailed written document that outlines the plan, architecture, and technical approach for building a new software feature or system…

  • design review

    A structured meeting where a team examines and critiques the overall design of a system, feature, or product before implementation.

  • devil in the details

    A saying meaning that small, easily overlooked details can cause serious problems or complications.

  • devtools

    Built-in debugging and development tools included in web browsers and IDEs that allow developers to inspect, test, and troubleshoot code…

  • diff

    A diff is a detailed comparison showing exactly which lines of code or text have been added, removed, or changed between two versions of a…

  • dig into

    To investigate or look closely at a topic, issue, or problem.

  • direct report

    A person who works directly under a manager and receives supervision, feedback, and performance reviews from that manager.

  • disaster recovery

    A set of strategies and procedures that allow an organization to restore critical systems and data after a major failure or disaster.

  • distributed team

    A team whose members work in different physical locations, cities, or time zones, typically communicating through digital tools and video…

  • distributed tracing

    A technique for tracking and monitoring requests as they flow through multiple interconnected services in a distributed system, helping…

  • DNSDomain Name System

    DNS (Domain Name System) is the service that translates human-readable website addresses (like google.com) into IP addresses that…

  • do the needful

    "Please do the needful" means "please do what is necessary"; it is common in Indian English emails and asks the reader to take the needed…

  • documentation

    Written information, guides, and instructions that explain how software works, how to use it, or how to maintain it.

  • dogfooding

    The practice of a company using its own product or service internally before releasing it to customers.

  • double-booked

    When you have scheduled two different meetings or commitments at the same time, making it impossible to attend both.

  • downtime

    A period when a system, server, application, or service is unavailable or not functioning properly.

  • draft PR

    A pull request marked as work in progress that is not yet ready for final review or merging.

  • dry run

    A complete test of a process, deployment, or system using safe conditions where no actual data is changed or no real impact occurs.

  • due diligence

    The thorough investigation and analysis of a project, acquisition, or decision before committing resources or making a final decision.

E

  • early adopter

    A person or organization that is among the first to use or buy a new product, service, or technology before it becomes mainstream.

  • edge computing

    Edge computing is processing data on devices or servers located at the edge of a network, close to where the data originates, rather than…

  • elevator pitch

    A short, concise explanation of your idea, product, or yourself that can be delivered in 30-60 seconds, typically to catch someone's…

  • embedding

    The process of integrating one piece of code, data, or system into another system so they work together as a single unit.

  • encapsulation

    In programming, encapsulation is the practice of bundling related data and methods together inside a class or object, while hiding the…

  • encoding

    The process of converting data from one format or representation into another format so it can be stored, transmitted, or processed…

  • encryption

    The process of converting data into a coded format that only authorized users with the correct key can read.

  • end-to-end test

    A test that verifies an entire application workflow from start to finish, simulating real user interactions across all system layers and…

  • endpoint

    A specific URL or address where an API can be accessed by a client application to request or send data.

  • engineering culture

    The shared values, practices, and ways of working that guide how engineers approach their work, solve problems, and collaborate in a…

  • enterprise

    A large-scale business organization or a challenging business project, often requiring significant resources and planning.

  • environment variable

    A named value that your operating system or application stores and passes to running programs.

  • EODEnd of Day

    EOD stands for "end of day": the end of today's working day, usually used as a deadline.

  • EOWEnd of Week

    EOW stands for "end of week": the end of this working week, usually Friday afternoon, used as a deadline.

  • equity

    Ownership stake or share in a company, typically offered to employees as compensation.

  • error budget

    The acceptable amount of downtime or failures a service can experience while still meeting its Service Level Objective (SLO).

  • error handling

    Error handling is the process of anticipating, detecting, and responding to errors in code to prevent crashes or unexpected behavior.

  • escalate

    To move a problem or issue to a higher level of authority, management, or priority so that someone with more power or expertise can handle…

  • escalation matrix

    A structured document or chart that defines who to contact when a problem needs attention, organized by issue type and severity level.

  • ETA

    ETA stands for "estimated time of arrival".

  • ETLExtract, Transform, Load

    ETL stands for Extract, Transform, Load.

  • event-driven

    A software architecture or design approach where the system responds to and processes events (user actions, system signals, messages)…

  • exception

    An event that occurs during program execution that disrupts the normal flow and requires special handling.

  • exec summary

    A brief, high-level summary of a longer document, project, or presentation that gives decision-makers the key points and conclusions…

  • experiment

    A controlled test or trial designed to validate a hypothesis, feature, or approach before full implementation.

F

  • facilitator

    A person who leads or guides a meeting, discussion, or workshop to help a group achieve its goals.

  • factory pattern

    A design pattern that creates objects without specifying their exact classes, using a factory method instead.

  • fail fast

    A software development philosophy that prioritizes discovering problems, errors, and design flaws as quickly as possible through rapid…

  • failover

    The automatic switching from a primary system or server to a backup system when the primary one fails or becomes unavailable.

  • fan out

    To spread or distribute tasks, work, or information to many people or places.

  • feasibility study

    A detailed analysis to determine whether a project, feature, or solution is practical, technically possible, and economically viable…

  • feature branch

    A separate copy of the code (branch) used to develop a new feature without affecting the main codebase.

  • feature flag

    A feature flag is a code mechanism that allows developers to turn specific features on or off without redeploying the application.

  • feature freeze

    A point in the software development cycle when no new features can be added to the product, allowing the team to focus on bug fixes and…

  • feature request

    A formal or informal request from a user, customer, or team member asking for a new capability or improvement to be added to a software…

  • feature store

    A feature store is a centralized system that manages, stores, and serves pre-computed data features for machine learning models.

  • filter out

    To remove or exclude unwanted or irrelevant data or information.

  • fine-tuning

    The process of making small, careful adjustments to a system, model, or code to improve its performance or fix minor issues.

  • fire drill

    A practice exercise or urgent test run designed to check whether a system, process, or team can handle a crisis or meet tight deadlines.

  • fireside chat

    An informal, relaxed conversation between a leader and team members, typically covering business topics or company updates in a friendly…

  • flag

    To mark, highlight, or bring attention to something important—usually a problem, concern, or issue that needs to be addressed.

  • flame graph

    A flame graph is a visualization tool that shows where your program spends time by displaying function call stacks as horizontal bars…

  • force push

    A Git command that overwrites the remote repository history by forcibly uploading your local commits, ignoring any conflicting changes on…

  • foreign key

    A foreign key is a column or set of columns in a database table that points to the primary key in another table.

  • fork

    To create an independent copy of a repository (codebase) so you can make changes without affecting the original project.

  • full-stack

    Full-stack refers to a developer or skill set that covers all layers of software development, from the front-end (user interface) to the…

  • function

    A reusable block of code that performs a specific task and can be called multiple times from different parts of a program.

  • FYI

    FYI stands for "for your information".

G

  • game changer

    A game changer is something that completely changes how a situation works, usually for the better.

  • game day

    The day when a software product, feature, or system goes live to real users in production.

  • garbage collection

    An automatic process in programming languages that identifies and frees up memory that is no longer being used by your application…

  • GDPRGeneral Data Protection Regulation

    GDPR stands for General Data Protection Regulation—a strict EU law that controls how companies collect, store, and use personal data from…

  • gear up

    To prepare or get ready for a particular task, project, or event.

  • generative AI

    Generative AI refers to artificial intelligence systems that can create new content such as text, images, code, or music based on patterns…

  • git blame

    A Git command that shows which developer made each change to a specific file, line by line, and when those changes were made.

  • GitFlow

    A branching strategy for Git that uses multiple long-lived branches (develop, release, hotfix) alongside the main production branch to…

  • go the extra mile

    To put in additional effort or do more than what is expected or required.

  • go-live

    The moment when a software product, feature, or system becomes available to real users in a production environment.

  • go-to-market

    A go-to-market strategy is a comprehensive plan that outlines how a company will introduce a new product or service to customers and gain…

  • go/no-go

    A decision checkpoint where a team determines whether a project or release is ready to proceed (go) or if it must be stopped or delayed…

  • GraphQL

    GraphQL is a query language and runtime for APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) that allows clients to request exactly the data they…

  • grooming

    The process of reviewing, clarifying, and preparing user stories and tasks in a product backlog before they are scheduled for a sprint.

  • ground truth

    The verified correct data or standard used to evaluate whether a system, model, or prediction is accurate.

  • growth mindset

    A belief that your abilities and intelligence can be developed through effort, practice, and learning from mistakes.

  • gut check

    A quick informal assessment or review based on intuition and experience to verify if something feels right before proceeding.

H

  • hallucination

    When an AI model generates false or fabricated information with confidence, presenting it as if it were accurate.

  • hard stop

    A firm, non-negotiable deadline or point at which an activity must completely stop.

  • hardening sprint

    A short, focused sprint dedicated to improving code quality, stability, and security by fixing bugs, refactoring, and addressing technical…

  • hashing

    The process of converting data of any size into a fixed-size string of characters using a mathematical algorithm, typically to verify data…

  • headcount

    The total number of employees or staff members in a company, department, or project team.

  • header

    In tech, a header is metadata or information placed at the beginning of a request, response, file, or document that provides instructions…

  • heads down

    Being heads down means you are focused on your work and do not want meetings or interruptions for a while.

  • heads-up

    A brief advance warning or notification about something that is going to happen soon, allowing someone to prepare or be aware in advance.

  • headwinds

    In business, headwinds are problems or conditions that slow progress or make results worse; tailwinds are conditions that help.

  • health check

    A diagnostic test or procedure that verifies whether a system, service, or application is running correctly and responding as expected.

  • heap

    A region of computer memory used for dynamic memory allocation, where data is stored during program execution.

  • Helm

    Helm is a package manager for Kubernetes that simplifies the process of defining, installing, and upgrading applications on Kubernetes…

  • hiring plan

    A structured document or strategy that outlines which positions a company plans to fill, when they will hire, how much budget is…

  • hit the ground running

    To hit the ground running means to start something new and be productive immediately, without a slow start.

  • hook up

    To connect or link different devices, systems, or components to work together.

  • hot path

    The section of code that is executed most frequently or handles the most critical operations in a program.

  • hot reload

    A development feature that automatically updates your running application with code changes without requiring a full restart.

  • hot take

    A hot take is a quick, bold opinion or reaction to something, often expressed without much thought or research.

  • HTTPHyperText Transfer Protocol

    HTTP stands for HyperText Transfer Protocol, the standard protocol used for transferring data between a web client (like a browser) and a…

  • hybrid cloud

    A computing environment that combines on-premise infrastructure (servers in your own data center) with public cloud services (like AWS or…

  • hybrid work

    A work arrangement where employees split their time between working in a physical office and working remotely from home or another location.

  • hypothesis

    A testable prediction or proposed explanation based on limited evidence, used as a starting point for further investigation or…

I

  • IaaSInfrastructure as a Service

    Infrastructure as a Service is a cloud computing model where a provider delivers virtualized computing resources over the internet.

  • IC track

    The IC track (Individual Contributor track) is a career progression path for employees who advance through technical expertise and skill…

  • ideate

    To ideate means to come up with ideas, usually as a group, before deciding what to build or do.

  • idempotency key

    A unique identifier sent with a request to ensure that if the request is retried, the same operation is only executed once, preventing…

  • immutable

    Unable to be changed or modified after creation.

  • IMO

    IMO stands for "in my opinion".

  • impact analysis

    A systematic process of examining how a change or decision will affect different parts of a system, project, or organization before…

  • incident

    An unplanned event or problem that disrupts normal operations in a system, service, or application, requiring immediate response and…

  • incident channel

    A dedicated communication channel (usually a chat room or Slack channel) where a team discusses and coordinates the response to a critical…

  • incident commander

    The person responsible for coordinating and managing the response to a system outage or critical problem in a technology company.

  • indexing

    The process of creating a data structure (called an index) that allows a database, search engine, or application to find and retrieve data…

  • individual contributor

    An employee who performs technical or professional work and directly contributes to company projects without managing other people.

  • inference

    In machine learning and AI, inference is the process of using a trained model to make predictions or generate outputs on new data.

  • infrastructure

    The basic physical and organizational systems needed to operate software, applications, or services, including servers, networks…

  • ingress

    The way data, traffic, or requests enter a system, network, or application from the outside.

  • inheritance

    In object-oriented programming, inheritance is a mechanism that allows a class to acquire properties and methods from another class…

  • input validation

    The process of checking that data entered by a user or external system meets specific requirements before the application accepts and…

  • interface

    A contract or set of rules that defines how different software components, systems, or users interact with each other.

  • intern

    A student or recent graduate who works at a company for a limited time to gain practical experience in their field, usually while studying…

  • IP address

    An IP address is a unique numerical identifier assigned to each device connected to a network, allowing devices to find and communicate…

  • IPOInitial Public Offering

    IPO stands for Initial Public Offering.

  • issue

    A problem, bug, or task that needs to be fixed or completed in software development.

  • iterate

    To repeat a process or improve something by making small changes and testing each version.

J

  • jump the gun

    To do something too soon, especially without thinking carefully about it.

  • JWTJSON Web Token

    JWT (JSON Web Token) is a compact, self-contained standard for securely transmitting information between parties as a JSON object.

K

  • kanban

    A visual project management method that uses a board with columns to track work items as they move from one stage to another, typically…

  • keep in the loop

    To regularly inform someone about updates or progress on a project or decision so they stay aware and involved.

  • kickoff

    The initial meeting or event that officially starts a project, product launch, or initiative.

  • KPIKey Performance Indicator

    A Key Performance Indicator (KPI) is a measurable value that shows how effectively someone or a team is achieving business objectives.

  • Kubernetes

    Kubernetes is an open-source platform that automates the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications across clusters…

  • kudos

    Praise, credit, or recognition given to someone for their work or achievement.

L

  • latency

    The time delay between sending a request and receiving a response in a system.

  • layoff

    A layoff is when a company terminates employee positions, usually due to budget cuts, restructuring, or business downturn, rather than…

  • learnings

    At work, "learnings" are the lessons or insights a team takes from a project, experiment or mistake.

  • level-setting

    The process of ensuring all participants in a meeting have the same understanding of goals, context, and expectations before diving into…

  • LGTMLooks Good To Me

    An acronym meaning Looks Good To Me, used in code reviews to indicate that a reviewer has examined the code and approves it for merging or…

  • linting

    Linting is the automated process of analyzing source code to find and flag potential bugs, style inconsistencies, and deviations from best…

  • LMK

    LMK stands for "let me know".

  • load balancing

    The process of distributing incoming network traffic or computational work across multiple servers to prevent any single server from…

  • load test

    A type of performance testing that simulates many users accessing an application simultaneously to measure how the system behaves under…

  • lock file

    A file that records the exact versions of all dependencies and packages your project uses.

  • log out

    To end your session and leave a computer system, app, or online account.

  • log through

    To record or document events, actions, or changes in a systematic way for future reference.

  • logging

    The process of recording information about what a program does while it runs, typically to track errors, performance, and system behavior.

  • look into

    To investigate or examine a matter or issue.

  • look through

    To review or examine something carefully, often to check for problems or details.

  • loop in

    To include someone in a conversation, email chain, or project by adding them so they receive updates and can contribute their input.

  • low-hanging fruit

    Easy tasks or opportunities that can be completed quickly with minimal effort, offering immediate value or progress.

  • LTVLifetime Value

    LTV stands for Lifetime Value, the total amount of money a customer is expected to spend on a company's products or services during their…

  • lunch and learn

    An informal company event where employees gather during lunch to learn about a topic from a colleague or expert.

M

  • management track

    A career path in an organization where you move into leadership and management roles, overseeing teams and projects rather than doing…

  • manager schedule

    A work schedule characterized by fragmented time with frequent interruptions, meetings, and context-switching, common among managers and…

  • meeting notes

    A written record of important information, decisions, and action items discussed during a meeting.

  • meeting overload

    A situation where someone has too many meetings scheduled, leaving insufficient time for focused work, deep thinking, or productive tasks.

  • memory leak

    A situation in which a computer program fails to release memory that it has allocated, causing the program to use more and more memory…

  • Merge

    To combine changes from one branch of code into another, usually from a feature branch into the main codebase.

  • merge conflict

    A merge conflict occurs when two developers change the same lines of code in different branches, and the version control system cannot…

  • message broker

    A message broker is middleware software that translates messages between different applications or services, allowing them to communicate…

  • metric

    A metric is a measurable value or standard used to track progress, performance, or quality in a project, product, or system.

  • migration

    The process of moving data, applications, or systems from one environment, platform, or version to another with minimal downtime.

  • milestone

    A significant point or event in a project timeline that marks progress toward completion.

  • mock

    To create a fake or simplified version of a component, function, or external service for testing purposes.

  • model evaluation

    The process of assessing how well a machine learning model performs using specific metrics and test data.

  • monitoring

    The continuous observation and checking of a system, application, or process to ensure it is working properly and to detect any problems…

  • monolith

    A large software application built as a single, unified codebase where all components are tightly integrated into one system.

  • monorepo

    A single version control repository that holds multiple projects or packages instead of keeping each project in separate repositories.

  • moonshot

    A moonshot is a very ambitious project or goal that is hard to achieve but would have a huge impact if it worked.

  • move the needle

    To make meaningful progress or create a significant, measurable impact on a goal or metric.

  • moving goalposts

    When project requirements, deadlines, or success criteria change unexpectedly after work has already started, making it harder to complete…

  • moving target

    A goal, requirement, or objective that continuously changes or shifts, making it difficult to reach completion or achieve success.

  • MRRMonthly Recurring Revenue

    Monthly Recurring Revenue (MRR) is the predictable amount of revenue a company expects to generate each month from subscription-based…

  • MTTRMean Time To Repair

    MTTR stands for Mean Time To Repair.

  • multimodal

    Multimodal refers to systems or models that process and understand multiple types of data inputs simultaneously, such as text, images…

  • mutation testing

    A software testing technique where small intentional changes (mutations) are introduced into code to verify that your test suite can…

N

  • NDANon-Disclosure Agreement

    A Non-Disclosure Agreement is a legal contract that prevents someone from sharing confidential information about a company, project, or…

  • net-net

    "Net-net" means "the final result" or "the bottom line" after everything has been considered.

  • no-brainer

    A decision or choice that is so obvious or easy that it requires no thinking.

  • node

    A single point or unit in a network, data structure, or system that can store data and connect to other nodes.

  • north star

    A guiding principle, primary objective, or core value that directs all strategic decisions and work in a company or team.

  • npmNode Package Manager

    npm (Node Package Manager) is the default package manager for JavaScript and Node.js that allows developers to install, manage, and share…

  • null pointer exception

    A runtime error that occurs when your code tries to use a pointer or reference that points to nothing (null).

O

  • OAuth

    OAuth is an open standard protocol that allows users to authorize third-party applications to access their resources without sharing their…

  • object

    In programming, an object is an instance of a class that contains both data (properties) and functions (methods).

  • off-by-one error

    A programming bug where a loop or array index is off by exactly one position, causing the code to access the wrong element or iterate one…

  • offboarding

    The structured process of helping an employee leave a company, including returning equipment, revoking access, transferring knowledge, and…

  • OKRObjectives and Key Results

    OKR stands for Objectives and Key Results, a goal-setting framework where you define what you want to achieve (Objective) and how you…

  • on my radar

    "On my radar" means you are aware of something and are keeping an eye on it.

  • on the fly

    Doing something immediately and without advance planning or preparation, often while something else is happening.

  • on track

    Making good progress toward a goal or deadline as planned; proceeding according to schedule without delays or significant problems.

  • on-call

    Available and ready to work immediately if needed, usually outside normal working hours.

  • on-call handoff

    The process of transferring on-call responsibilities from one person or team to another, typically at a scheduled time such as shift…

  • on-call rotation

    A scheduled system where team members take turns being responsible for responding to production issues and emergencies outside normal…

  • on-premise

    Software or infrastructure installed and run on a company's own servers and computers at their physical location, rather than hosted in…

  • onboarding

    The process of integrating a new employee into a company by providing them with the tools, knowledge, and access they need to start…

  • one-on-one

    A private meeting between two people, typically a manager and an employee, to discuss work progress, feedback, or personal development.

  • OOOOut of Office

    OOO stands for "out of office": you are away from work and not available, for example on vacation, sick or travelling.

  • OpenAPI

    OpenAPI is a standardized specification for describing RESTful APIs in a machine-readable format, allowing developers to understand…

  • optimize for

    To adjust or design something to achieve the best results for a specific goal or situation.

  • orchestration

    The automated coordination and management of multiple systems, services, or tasks to work together seamlessly.

  • out of pocket

    At work in the US, "out of pocket" usually means you are unavailable or hard to reach for a while.

  • out of scope

    Something that falls outside the defined boundaries or limits of a project, task, or responsibility.

  • over-index

    To give too much weight or importance to a particular factor when making a decision or analyzing data.

  • overcommunicate

    To share information more frequently and in greater detail than strictly necessary to ensure everyone understands decisions, changes, and…

  • overflow

    A condition in computing where data or memory exceeds the allocated space in a buffer or variable, causing system errors or unexpected…

P

  • P0

    P0 is the highest priority severity level assigned to critical bugs or issues that must be fixed immediately because they prevent the…

  • PaaSPlatform as a Service

    PaaS stands for Platform as a Service.

  • package

    A collection of related code, libraries, or software components grouped together for distribution and reuse.

  • package manager

    A software tool that automates the process of installing, updating, configuring, and removing software libraries and dependencies for your…

  • pagination

    The practice of dividing large amounts of data or content into separate, manageable pages so users can view it in smaller chunks.

  • pain point

    A specific problem, difficulty, or frustration that a customer, user, or team experiences repeatedly.

  • pair programming

    A software development practice where two programmers work together at the same computer, with one typing (the driver) and one reviewing…

  • paradigm shift

    A paradigm shift is a big, basic change in how people think about or do something.

  • parking lot

    A strategy in meetings where you temporarily postpone discussing a topic to stay focused on the current agenda, with the intention to…

  • payload

    The actual data being sent or received in a network request, message, or API call, excluding headers and metadata.

  • people manager

    A person in a management position who is responsible for supervising, coaching, and developing employees.

  • per my last email

    "Per my last email" means "as I said in my previous email".

  • performance review

    A formal meeting between a manager and employee to discuss the employee's work quality, achievements, goals, and areas for improvement…

  • performance test

    A type of software testing that checks how well an application performs under specific conditions, measuring speed, stability, and…

  • PFAPlease Find Attached

    PFA stands for "please find attached", a short way to tell someone in an email that you have attached a file.

  • phased rollout

    A strategy to release a new product, feature, or update to users gradually in stages rather than all at once.

  • ping

    To quickly reach out to someone, usually via message or chat, to get their attention or ask a quick question.

  • PIPPerformance Improvement Plan

    PIP commonly refers to a Performance Improvement Plan—a formal document outlining specific goals and expectations an employee must meet…

  • pivot

    To make a significant change in strategy, direction, or approach, especially when the original plan is not working as expected.

  • planning poker

    An agile estimation technique where team members use cards or hand signals to estimate the effort or complexity of tasks during sprint…

  • pointer

    A pointer is a variable in programming that stores the memory address of another variable, allowing you to access and manipulate data…

  • polymorphism

    The ability of objects or functions to take multiple forms or for the same interface to work with different data types.

  • port

    A port is either a specific number that identifies a communication endpoint on a network, or the process of adapting software to run on a…

  • post-incident review

    A structured meeting held after a system outage or critical failure to analyze what happened, why it happened, and how to prevent it in…

  • post-mortem

    A structured meeting or review held after a project, incident, or deployment to analyze what happened, identify what went wrong, and…

  • power off

    To turn off or shut down a device or system.

  • pre-read

    Materials provided to team members before a meeting so they can review them in advance, or the act of reading these materials beforehand…

  • prepone

    Prepone means to move a meeting or event to an earlier time; it is the opposite of postpone and is used mainly in Indian English.

  • primary key

    A primary key is a column or set of columns in a database table that uniquely identifies each row.

  • principal engineer

    A senior technical leader in engineering organizations who is responsible for making strategic architectural decisions, mentoring junior…

  • priority

    The level of importance or urgency assigned to a task, feature, or issue that determines the order in which work should be completed.

  • procurement

    The process of obtaining goods, services, or software from external suppliers through planning, sourcing, negotiation, and contract…

  • product owner

    The person responsible for defining what a software product should do, prioritizing features, and making decisions about product direction.

  • product-led growth

    A business strategy where the product itself is the primary driver of customer acquisition, retention, and expansion, rather than relying…

  • project kickoff

    The initial meeting or event that officially starts a project, where the team aligns on goals, timelines, roles, and deliverables.

  • Prometheus

    Prometheus is an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit that collects metrics from applications and infrastructure in real time.

  • promise

    In programming, a Promise is a JavaScript object that represents the eventual completion (or failure) of an asynchronous operation and its…

  • promotion

    A job advancement where an employee moves to a higher position with more responsibility, authority, and usually higher salary.

  • proof of concept

    A small, preliminary test or demonstration that shows an idea, technology, or solution works before investing time and resources into full…

  • protected branch

    A branch in your version control system that has restrictions set up to prevent accidental or unauthorized changes.

  • prototype

    An early, working version of a product or feature built to test ideas, gather feedback, and identify problems before full development.

  • proxy

    A proxy is an intermediary server or service that acts on behalf of a client to communicate with another server, often used to improve…

  • PTALPlease Take a Look

    PTAL stands for "please take a look": a short request asking someone to review your code, document or change.

  • PTOPaid Time Off

    PTO stands for "paid time off": days you are away from work and still get paid, such as vacation or personal days.

  • pub/subPublish-Subscribe

    Pub/sub (publish-subscribe) is a messaging pattern where publishers send messages to a topic and subscribers receive those messages…

  • pull in

    To attract or gather attention, resources, or support.

  • pull request

    A formal request to merge code changes from one branch into another, typically requiring review and approval from team members before the…

  • Pull the plug

    To stop or cancel something, usually a project, product, or initiative.

  • punt

    At work, to punt on something means to delay a decision or task, or push it to someone else, usually because it is not a priority now.

  • pure function

    A function that always returns the same output for the same input and does not modify any external state or data.

  • push the envelope

    To push the envelope means to go beyond the usual limits and try something new, bold or more advanced.

  • pushback

    Pushback is resistance or disagreement expressed by someone in response to a proposal, plan, or decision.

  • put a pin in it

    "Put a pin in it" means to pause a topic and come back to it later.

Q

  • QAQuality Assurance

    Quality Assurance (QA) is the process of testing and verifying that software, features, or products work correctly before release.

  • quarterly planning

    The process of setting goals, allocating resources, and defining priorities for a three-month business period.

  • query

    A request for information from a database or system, typically written in a special language like SQL.

  • queue

    A data structure that stores items in a first-in-first-out (FIFO) order, where items are added at the back and removed from the front.

R

  • race condition

    A race condition occurs when the behavior of software depends on the timing or sequence of events that are not controlled by the…

  • RACIResponsible, Accountable, Consulted, Informed

    RACI is a matrix framework used in project management to clearly assign four types of responsibilities (Responsible, Accountable…

  • radical candor

    A management approach where you give honest, direct feedback to colleagues while genuinely caring about their well-being and success.

  • RAGRed, Amber, Green

    RAG stands for Red, Amber, Green, a traffic light status system used to quickly communicate project health, risk level, or task completion…

  • ramp-up

    A rapid increase in activity, production, or effort, typically to reach a target level quickly.

  • rate limiting

    A technique that restricts the number of requests a user or application can make to a system within a specific time period.

  • re-org

    A re-org (short for reorganization) is when a company changes its structure, reporting lines, teams, or departments.

  • reach out

    To reach out means to contact someone, usually by email or message, to ask, offer or share something.

  • read the room

    To understand and respond appropriately to the mood, emotions, and attitudes of the people in a conversation or meeting.

  • reading between the lines

    To understand the hidden or implied meaning in what someone says or writes, rather than just the obvious or stated meaning.

  • rebase

    To rebase means to move or re-apply a series of commits from one branch onto another branch, typically to integrate recent changes and…

  • recursion

    A programming technique where a function calls itself to solve a problem by breaking it into smaller, identical subproblems.

  • red flag

    A warning sign or indicator that something might be problematic, risky, or wrong.

  • refactor

    To rewrite existing code to improve its quality, readability, or structure without changing what it does or adding new features.

  • regression

    A bug or error that appears in software after a recent code change, causing previously working features to break or behave incorrectly.

  • regression suite

    A set of automated tests designed to verify that recent code changes did not break existing functionality or introduce new bugs.

  • reinventing the wheel

    Building something from scratch when a working solution already exists.

  • release

    To make software or a new version available to users or the public.

  • release candidate

    A version of software that is ready to be released to users but is still being tested for bugs.

  • release notes

    Official documentation that describes the new features, bug fixes, improvements, and known issues in a software version released to users.

  • remote work

    Work performed from a location outside the company office, typically from home or a coworking space, using technology to stay connected…

  • replication

    The process of creating exact copies of data, code, or systems across multiple locations or servers to ensure redundancy, reliability, and…

  • request

    A formal or informal act of asking for something, or in tech, a message sent from a client to a server asking it to perform an action or…

  • requirements

    The specific features, functions, or conditions that a software product or system must have to solve a business problem or meet user needs.

  • response

    The data or message that a server sends back to a client after receiving a request.

  • retention

    The ability or action of keeping employees, customers, or users engaged and satisfied so they continue working for or using a company.

  • retrospective

    A structured team meeting held after a project sprint or release to discuss what went well, what went poorly, and what the team should…

  • retry

    To attempt an operation or action again, especially after a failure or error.

  • revert

    To undo or go back to a previous state of code, typically by undoing a recent commit or change.

  • RFCRequest for Comments

    RFC stands for Request for Comments.

  • RFPRequest for Proposal

    RFP stands for Request for Proposal.

  • risk register

    A document or database that lists all identified risks in a project, including their likelihood, impact, and mitigation strategies.

  • roadmap

    A strategic plan that outlines what a product, team, or company will build or achieve over a specific time period, typically organized by…

  • ROIReturn on Investment

    Return on Investment (ROI) is a measure of how much profit or value you gain from money or resources you invest in something.

  • role

    A set of permissions, responsibilities, or functions assigned to a user, system component, or team member in a software system or…

  • roll out

    To introduce or launch something new on a larger scale.

  • roll over

    To transfer or carry forward data, settings, or benefits from one period or cycle to another.

  • Rollback

    A rollback is when you return a system to a previous, working version after a bad deployment or change.

  • rollback plan

    A detailed strategy prepared in advance to quickly revert software, systems, or deployments to a previous stable version if something goes…

  • root cause analysis

    A systematic process of investigating a problem or failure to find the deepest reason why it occurred, rather than just treating the…

  • round-robin

    A method where people take turns in a fixed order, rotating through a cycle.

  • RSURestricted Stock Unit

    RSU stands for Restricted Stock Unit.

  • rubber duck

    A debugging technique where you explain your code line-by-line to an inanimate object (traditionally a rubber duck) to identify bugs and…

  • rubber stamp

    To approve something quickly and without proper examination or consideration.

  • run it up the flagpole

    "Run it up the flagpole" means to share an idea with others to see how they react before deciding.

  • runbook

    A detailed, step-by-step guide that lists all the procedures and commands a team needs to execute to perform a specific task, deploy code…

  • runway

    In tech and business, runway is the amount of time or money a company, project, or team has before it runs out of resources or must…

S

  • sandbox

    An isolated testing environment where developers can safely run code, test features, or experiment without affecting the live production…

  • scale back

    To reduce the size, scope, or resources of a project or operation.

  • scale up

    To expand or increase the capacity or capability of a system or operation.

  • scope

    The range of work, features, or responsibilities included in a project, task, or assignment.

  • screen share

    The act of displaying your computer screen to other people during a video call or meeting so they can see what you are working on.

  • script

    A short program or set of instructions written in a programming language that automates tasks or performs specific functions on a computer…

  • scroll through

    To quickly browse or navigate through content by scrolling.

  • scrum

    Scrum is an Agile framework for managing software projects through iterative cycles called sprints, where teams meet regularly in short…

  • scrum master

    A scrum master is a facilitator and coach for a team using the Agile Scrum methodology.

  • security review

    A formal examination of code, systems, or infrastructure to identify security vulnerabilities, weaknesses, and compliance gaps before…

  • semantic versioning

    A versioning system where software version numbers follow MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH format, where each number indicates the type of change made…

  • separation of concerns

    A software design principle where different functionalities or responsibilities are kept in separate, independent modules or layers so…

  • serverless

    A cloud computing model where you write and deploy code without managing servers or infrastructure.

  • service mesh

    A service mesh is a dedicated infrastructure layer that handles communication between microservices in a distributed system.

  • session

    A session is a continuous period of time during which a user interacts with a system, or a dedicated block of time when developers work…

  • set up

    To arrange or configure something so it is ready for use.

  • SEV1

    SEV1 is a severity classification used to label the most critical system failures or bugs that require immediate attention and halt normal…

  • severance

    Compensation paid by a company to an employee when their employment is terminated, usually involuntarily.

  • severity

    The level or degree of how serious or critical a problem, issue, or bug is in software development.

  • severity matrix

    A structured table or framework that classifies problems, bugs, or risks by their impact level and how quickly they need to be fixed.

  • sharding

    Sharding is a database scaling technique where data is divided and distributed across multiple separate database servers based on a shard…

  • shoutout

    A public recognition or acknowledgment of someone's contribution or achievement in a meeting or communication.

  • show and tell

    An informal session or meeting where team members present their recent work, projects, or discoveries to colleagues and invite questions…

  • side effect

    An unintended change in program state caused by executing code, where a function modifies something outside of its primary purpose, such…

  • sign in

    To authenticate or log in to a computer system, network, or online account.

  • sign-off

    Formal approval or authorization from a manager, stakeholder, or client to proceed with a project, release, or decision.

  • signing bonus

    A lump sum of money paid to a new employee when they join a company as part of their hiring package.

  • silo

    A silo is a situation where teams, departments, or parts of an organization work independently without sharing information or…

  • singleton

    A design pattern that restricts a class to have only one instance and provides a global point of access to that instance.

  • skin in the game

    "Skin in the game" means having something personal at risk in an outcome, such as money, time or reputation, so you care about the result.

  • skip-level

    A one-on-one meeting between an employee and their manager's manager, skipping the direct manager in the reporting chain.

  • skip-level meeting

    A one-on-one meeting between an employee and someone two or more levels above them in the organizational hierarchy, typically bypassing…

  • SLAService Level Agreement

    A Service Level Agreement is a formal contract between a service provider and client that specifies guaranteed performance standards…

  • SLOService Level Objective

    SLO stands for Service Level Objective.

  • SMESubject Matter Expert

    At work, SME usually stands for "subject matter expert": the person who knows a topic or system best and answers questions about it.

  • smoke test

    A quick, basic test run to check if a software application starts and runs without crashing or producing obvious errors before conducting…

  • socialize

    To share an idea, plan, or decision with relevant people informally before it becomes official, to gather feedback and build support.

  • SOPStandard Operating Procedure

    SOP stands for Standard Operating Procedure—a set of step-by-step instructions that defines how a team should perform a task or process…

  • SOWStatement of Work

    A Statement of Work (SOW) is a formal document that outlines the specific tasks, deliverables, timeline, and budget for a project between…

  • spaghetti code

    Code that is confusing and tangled because it has poor structure, with many dependencies and unclear logic paths.

  • specification

    A detailed description of the requirements, features, or technical details that a product, system, or component must have.

  • SPOCSingle Point of Contact

    SPOC stands for "single point of contact": the one person you go to for a project, client or issue.

  • sprint

    A short, fixed time period (usually 1-4 weeks) during which a development team completes a set amount of work toward a larger project goal.

  • sprint demo

    A scheduled meeting at the end of a sprint where the development team presents completed work to stakeholders, product owners, and other…

  • squash

    To combine multiple Git commits into a single commit, or to quickly fix and eliminate bugs or issues before release.

  • SSLSecure Sockets Layer

    SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) is a security protocol that encrypts data transmitted between a client and server, protecting sensitive…

  • SSRServer-Side Rendering

    SSR stands for Server-Side Rendering, a web development approach where HTML pages are generated on the server before being sent to the…

  • staff engineer

    A senior-level software engineer at a company who has deep technical expertise and influences architecture and strategy across multiple…

  • staging

    A staging environment is a copy of your production system where developers and testers can safely test code changes before releasing them…

  • stakeholder

    A stakeholder is any person or group who is affected by or has an interest in a project, decision, or product.

  • Standup

    A short daily meeting where team members briefly share what they did yesterday, what they plan to do today, and any problems blocking them.

  • start-stop-continue

    A retrospective or feedback technique with three categories: actions to start doing, actions to stop doing, and actions to continue doing.

  • stash

    In Git, to temporarily save uncommitted changes so you can switch branches or clean your working directory without losing work.

  • state

    In programming, state refers to the current condition or values of data, variables, and objects at any given moment.

  • stateless

    Describing a system or service that does not store or retain information about previous interactions or requests.

  • static analysis

    The process of analyzing code without running it, using automated tools to find bugs, security issues, and code quality problems before…

  • status code

    A three-digit number that a server sends back to show whether an HTTP request was successful, failed, or needs additional action.

  • status update

    A brief report that informs others about the current progress, condition, or state of a project, task, or system.

  • stock options

    Stock options are a form of employee compensation that gives you the right to buy shares of your company at a fixed price (called the…

  • stored procedure

    A set of SQL statements that are saved and compiled in a database, allowing you to execute them repeatedly by calling the procedure by…

  • story point

    A unit of measurement used in Agile software development to estimate the effort, complexity, and risk required to complete a user story.

  • surface

    To bring up or reveal information, issues, or ideas that were previously hidden, unknown, or not discussed.

  • sync call

    A synchronous meeting where team members join at the same time to discuss urgent issues, align on priorities, or solve problems in…

  • sync together

    To coordinate or align data, actions, or plans between multiple people, teams, or systems.

  • synergy

    Synergy is when two teams, products or companies work together and achieve more than they could separately.

  • synthetic data

    Artificially generated data created by algorithms or tools to mimic real data patterns, used for testing, training, and development…

  • system design interview

    A technical job interview where candidates are asked to design large-scale software systems, focusing on architecture, scalability, and…

T

  • table this

    To postpone or set aside discussion of a topic so it can be addressed later.

  • take a step back

    To pause and reconsider something from a broader perspective instead of focusing on small details.

  • take it offline

    "Take it offline" means to continue a discussion later, outside the current meeting, usually with fewer people.

  • talking points

    Key messages, arguments, or topics that you plan to discuss or emphasize in a meeting, presentation, or conversation.

  • TBDTo Be Decided

    TBD stands for "to be decided" (or "to be determined"): something is not decided yet and will be confirmed later.

  • TCPTransmission Control Protocol

    TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a network protocol that ensures reliable, ordered delivery of data packets between two computers…

  • TDDTest-Driven Development

    Test-Driven Development is a software development practice where you write automated tests before writing the actual code that solves the…

  • team up

    To collaborate or work together as a team.

  • team with

    To form a partnership or alliance with another person, team, or organization.

  • tech lead

    A senior developer who leads technical decisions and architecture for a team or project while also writing code.

  • tech stack

    The combination of programming languages, frameworks, libraries, and tools that a company or project uses to build and run an application.

  • tech talk

    An informal conversation or discussion among technical professionals about technical problems, solutions, or implementation details.

  • technical debt

    Technical debt is the cost of prioritizing quick delivery over code quality, creating future work that must be repaid through refactoring…

  • technical spec

    A detailed document that describes the requirements, design, and implementation details of a software system or feature.

  • telemetry

    The automatic collection and transmission of data from software applications or devices to analyze performance, usage patterns, and user…

  • temperature check

    A quick informal check to see how people feel about something, understand current sentiment, or gauge agreement before moving forward with…

  • test environment

    A separate copy of your software system where developers and quality assurance teams test new features and fixes before releasing them to…

  • test fixture

    A test fixture is a set of objects, data, or conditions that you prepare before running a test to ensure the test can run correctly.

  • test plan

    A document that outlines the strategy, scope, schedule, and resources needed to test software before release.

  • the ball's in your court

    It's now your turn to take action or make a decision.

  • think outside the box

    To approach a problem or situation in an original or creative way.

  • thought leadership

    The practice of establishing yourself as an expert and influencer in your industry by sharing original ideas, research, and insights that…

  • thread

    A single path of execution within a program that runs independently from other threads, allowing multiple tasks to execute simultaneously.

  • threaded conversation

    A structured conversation where replies are organized in a nested or connected format, keeping related messages grouped together so…

  • throughput

    The amount of work, data, or requests that a system can process or handle in a given unit of time, usually measured per second.

  • ticket

    A ticket is a record in a tracking system that documents a task, bug, feature request, or issue that needs to be completed or fixed.

  • tiger team

    A small, highly skilled team assembled quickly to solve a critical or urgent problem, often bypassing normal processes and reporting…

  • time zone overlap

    The period during the day when team members working in different time zones have overlapping working hours, allowing them to communicate…

  • timebox

    A fixed period of time allocated for completing a specific task or discussion.

  • timeout

    A timeout is an automatic system interrupt that occurs when a process or connection does not complete within a specified time limit.

  • TL;DR

    TL;DR stands for "too long; didn't read".

  • TLSTransport Layer Security

    TLS stands for Transport Layer Security, a cryptographic protocol that encrypts data transmitted over the internet to protect it from…

  • toil

    To work hard and continuously, especially on something difficult or laborious; in tech contexts, to struggle through complex debugging or…

  • token

    A token is a unique string of characters that represents a user, data unit, or access right in a software system.

  • tokenization

    The process of breaking down data, text, or code into smaller, discrete units called tokens that a system can process.

  • top-down

    A communication or management style where decisions, requirements, or information flow from higher levels of authority downward to junior…

  • total compensation

    Total compensation is the complete package of money and benefits an employee receives from their employer, including base salary, bonuses…

  • touchpoint

    A touchpoint is any moment when a customer interacts with a company, or a short regular check-in between colleagues.

  • town hall

    A large, open company meeting where leadership shares updates, announcements, and strategy with all employees, often followed by a…

  • town hall question

    A question asked by an employee during a town hall meeting, typically directed at company leadership or executives to discuss business…

  • training data

    The dataset used to teach a machine learning model how to make predictions or decisions.

  • transaction

    A sequence of operations in a database or system that is treated as a single, indivisible unit.

  • transpile

    To convert source code from one programming language to another language at a similar level of abstraction, or from a newer version of a…

  • triage

    The process of assessing and prioritizing issues, bugs, or tasks based on their severity and urgency to decide which ones to handle first.

  • TTLTime To Live

    TTL stands for Time To Live.

  • tune out

    To stop paying attention or become disinterested in something.

  • type checking

    The process of verifying that variables, functions, and expressions in code use the correct data types (such as integers, strings, or…

  • type inference

    The ability of a programming language or compiler to automatically determine the data type of a variable or expression without explicit…

  • type safety

    A programming language feature that prevents type errors by checking that operations on data are compatible with the data type.

U

  • UATUser Acceptance Testing

    UAT stands for User Acceptance Testing.

  • undercommunicate

    To fail to share enough information, details, or updates with team members, often leading to confusion, missed deadlines, or poor…

  • unicorn

    A privately held startup company valued at $1 billion or more.

  • unit test

    A unit test is an automated test that verifies a single, small piece of code (like one function or method) works correctly in isolation.

  • up to speed

    To have all the latest information about something.

  • use case

    A specific situation or scenario describing how a user or system will interact with a product or feature to achieve a particular goal.

  • user persona

    A detailed fictional representation of an ideal customer or user, based on research and data, that describes their goals, behaviors, pain…

  • user story

    A brief description of a feature or functionality from the perspective of an end user, explaining what they want to do and why.

V

  • value proposition

    The unique combination of benefits and advantages that a product or service offers to customers, explaining why they should buy it instead…

  • value-add

    A value-add is an extra benefit that makes a product, service or person's work more useful.

  • variable

    A named container in code that stores a value or piece of data that can change during program execution.

  • vector database

    A specialized database system designed to store and search high-dimensional numerical vectors, commonly used in machine learning, AI, and…

  • velocity

    In agile development, velocity is the amount of work a team completes in a fixed time period, usually measured in story points or tasks…

  • vendor

    A company or person that supplies software, hardware, services, or other products to another business.

  • version control

    A system that tracks and manages changes to code files over time, allowing developers to see what changed, who changed it, and why.

  • vesting

    Vesting is the process by which an employee gradually earns the right to keep company benefits (usually stock options or equity) over a…

  • virtual environment

    An isolated Python (or language-specific) workspace on your computer where you install project-specific packages without affecting your…

  • virtual machine

    A virtual machine is a software program that simulates a complete computer system, allowing you to run an operating system and…

  • vulnerability

    A weakness or flaw in software, hardware, or a system that a hacker or attacker can use to gain unauthorized access, steal data, or cause…

W

  • walk-through

    A detailed explanation or guided demonstration of how something works, step by step.

  • war room

    A dedicated space or temporary meeting where a team intensively focuses on solving a critical, urgent problem or issue, typically…

  • waterfall

    A software development methodology where each phase (requirements, design, implementation, testing, deployment) must be completed before…

  • webhook

    A webhook is an automated way for one application to send real-time data to another application when a specific event occurs.

  • WebSocket

    WebSocket is a communication protocol that allows real-time, two-way data exchange between a client and server over a single persistent…

  • WFHWork From Home

    WFH stands for "work from home": working from your home instead of the office for the day.

  • wheelhouse

    "In your wheelhouse" means a topic is within your skills or expertise; "not my wheelhouse" means it is outside what you know well.

  • whiteboard

    A large white surface used for writing or drawing with markers, commonly used in tech meetings to visualize ideas, architecture, and…

  • win-win situation

    A scenario where all parties involved benefit or achieve their desired outcomes.

  • WIPWork In Progress

    WIP stands for Work In Progress.

  • won't fix

    A status label assigned to a reported bug or feature request indicating that the development team has decided not to fix or implement it…

  • work on

    To spend time and effort on a task, project, or problem.

  • working group

    A temporary group of people from different departments or teams who work together on a specific project or problem for a limited time.

  • write-up

    A written document or report that summarizes information, findings, or conclusions about a project, meeting, incident, or technical topic.

X

  • XSSCross-Site Scripting

    XSS stands for Cross-Site Scripting, a security vulnerability where an attacker injects malicious scripts into a web application, which…

Y

  • yak shaving

    Yak shaving is the act of doing a series of seemingly unrelated tasks before you can complete the main task you actually want to do.

  • YAMLYAML Ain't Markup Language

    YAML stands for YAML Aint Markup Language.

Z

  • zero trust

    A security approach that assumes no user, device, or network request should be automatically trusted, even inside your organization.

  • Zoom fatigue

    The tiredness, stress, and mental exhaustion that people feel after spending long periods in video conference meetings, especially on…

#

  • 360 feedback

    A performance evaluation method where an employee receives confidential, anonymous feedback from colleagues at all levels (managers…

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