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Code & Deliverynoun · /ˈfʌŋk.ʃən/

function

In simple English

In software engineering, a function is one of the most fundamental building blocks. It is a named section of code designed to accomplish a particular goal, which you can call whenever you need that task done instead of rewriting the same code repeatedly. Functions improve code organization, reduce duplication, and make programs easier to maintain and test. When you call a function, you pass in values called arguments, and the function processes them and sends back a result. Different programming languages have slightly different syntax for functions, but the concept is universal across all modern languages.

What is a function in programming and how do you write one?

At a glanceCEFR B2
Commonness5/5
Versatility5/5
FormalityCasualFormalNeutral
Spoken ↔ WrittenSpokenWrittenBoth
Directness ↔ DiplomaticDirectDiplomaticDirect
RegionUS and UK
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Say it like this

Call a function
Define a function
Return from a function
Pass parameters to a function
The function takes an argument

Real examples

in a standup

"I extracted the validation logic into a separate function yesterday, and it cleaned up the main file significantly."

in a code review

"This function is doing too much. We should split it into smaller, single-purpose functions."

in a team meeting

"Our team documented all the core functions in the API so new developers can understand what each one does."

Don't say this

Handle with care. Non-native speakers sometimes confuse function (a reusable block of code) with method (a function inside a class). Also, avoid using function as a verb in formal tech contexts; use implement or execute instead.

I need to function the data before sending it.
I need to process the data before sending it.Function is a noun in tech; you do not function something. Use process, transform, or another action verb.
This function returns a function that returns a string.
This function returns a function that returns a string. (This is actually correct.)Higher-order functions that return other functions are valid, but make sure your explanation is clear to avoid confusion.
Write a function that have multiple return statements.
Write a function that has multiple return statements.Grammatical error; use has (singular) not have when the subject is singular (function).

Other forms

noun

function

"The function calculates the total price by adding tax."

noun plural

functions

"These utility functions handle common string operations."

verb

function

"The server will not function properly without this module. (less common in tech coding context)"

Often used with

call a functionTo execute or invoke a function; this is the most common collocation.
define a functionTo write and declare a function in your code.
return from a functionTo send back a result or exit a function.
pass parameters to a functionTo provide input values when calling a function.
function signatureThe function name, parameters, and return type combined.
pure functionA function that always returns the same output for the same input with no side effects.
reusable functionA function designed to be called from multiple places in code.

Similar words

methodA function that belongs to a class or object. In some languages, method and function are used interchangeably, but method implies OOP context.
procedureAn older term for function; still used in some languages like SQL or procedural programming.
subroutineA legacy term for function, rarely used in modern tech discussions.
routineA generic term for a block of code that performs a specific task; less precise than function.

Opposites

inline code (code not organized into functions)

Practice

Try it

4 quick exercises

Pick the most natural phrasing

1. Your colleague asks how to solve a repeated calculation problem. What do you say?

Complete the sentence

2. We should _______ this calculation into a reusable function so we do not repeat code.

Spot the mistake

3. Which sentence uses 'function' incorrectly?

Rewrite naturally

4. Rewrite this sentence more naturally in tech English: 'We have a piece of code that adds numbers together, and we use it many times in different places in the program.'

Questions

Quick poll

Have you said "function" in a standup this week?

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